บทคัดย่องานวิจัย

A comparative assessment of photosynthetic pigments and defense enzymes in ex vitro and in vitro propagated plants of banana (Musa spp.).

Uma, S., Karthic, R., Kalpana, S., & Backiyarani, S.
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 102799. +(2023). 

บทคัดย่อ

Bananas (Musa spp.) are of considerable importance as a staple food crop and a source of livelihood for a significant population. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with a total cultivated area of 5.3 million hectares. The major banana-producing regions are Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Among these, India is the leading nation in terms of banana production, yielding around 33 million tonnes annually from an area of 0.92 million hectares (FAOSTAT, 2021). Bananas are among the most traded fruits in the world. There are over 1000 types of bananas grown and consumed worldwide. Among them cavendish group banana dominate the markets particularly cultivar Grand Naine, which accounts for around 47 percent of global production (FAO, 2023). The significant contributions made towards the improved production can be attributed to the accessibility of tissue culture-raised planting material and the implementation of advanced cultivation practices such as drip-irrigation, fertigation, high-density planting, and micronutrient spraying etc. In order to implement the same practices in other banana cultivars, the use of tissue-cultured planting material is important or alternative may be identified. Banana being a vegetatively propagated crop, suckers have been utilized traditionally for cultivation particularly in non-cavendish bananas. This promote spread of soil borne pathogen from field to field. Hence, the production of tissue-cultured planting material for cultivars other than Grand Naine is both crucial and expensive due to the low genetic ability of meristem multiplication potential. However, the tissue-cultured plants of banana cultivars other than Grand Naine have not been widely adopted in all banana-growing regions of the globe due to several reasons, particularly the tissue culture process itself. The process requires a higher in vitro multiplication rate, successful acclimatization of plantlets under specific weather conditions, and the establishment of a tissue culture facility in a location with temperatures exceeding 36 °C and humidity dropping below 60% are deemed unviable from a commercial standpoint. This is primarily due to the substantial energy consumption, low survival rates during acclimatization, and limitations of planting methods, such as the drip irrigation system, among other factors. Additionally, the cultivation of non-Cavendish bananas carried out with canal irrigation system which adequately affects tissue cultured planting material in field establishment. Particularly, the cultivation of non-cavendish bananas is limited to specific regions and is typically carried out by small-scale farmers within small geographical areas and the availability of tissue cultured planting material is limited. Hence, the regions such as Africa, South Asia etc. adopting ex vitro propagation system for non-cavendish bananas (Baiyeri and Aba, 2005; Lefranc et al., 2010; Murugi Kahangi, 2010; Karthic et al., 2020; Kasyoka, 2013; Sajith et al., 2014; Ntamwira et al., 2017; Tumuhimbise and Talengera,